SharePoint Ports

Here is a quick link with most of the ports that might be used by SharePoint:

http://www.sharepointdiary.com/2010/04/ports-used-by-sharepoint.html

SharePoint has to communicate with other servers such as Active Directory, DNS etc which require other ports, they are as follows:

1.     AD Authentication: TCP:445 Kerberos :TCP:88
2.     LDAP:  LDAP:389 and LDAPS:636
3.     DNS: TCP:53
4.     SMTP: TCP:25
5.     SQL Server: TCP:1443 (or Custom Ports)
6.     Server Message Block (SMB) TCP:445 or TCP:137,138,139 (over NetBIOS).
• is used extensively for search and query operations with SharePoint
7.     HTTP/HTTPS:  TCP:80 or TCP:443 (SSL)
8.     Office Server Web services /Shared Service Provider web service calls: 56737 and 56738 (SSL).
9.     Open TCP port 135 plus ports in the range that you specify when you configure static RPC (only if using SSO).
10. Service Applications use: 32843,32844 & 32845 (TCP EndPoint)
11. User code Service: 32846
12. User Profile Sync: 5275

Credits to Salaudeen Rajack